Product Traceability System (RNPT) in the Russian Federation

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To track the movement of products from the moment of import into the Russian Federation until sale to the end consumer, disposal or export, a system for assigning a registration number of a consignment of goods (RNPT) was introduced — an identifier assigned to each consignment of goods subject to traceability.

Main objectives addressed by the introduction of the RNPT system:

  1. Combating illegal trade of goods. The system makes it possible to detect instances of import and sale of counterfeit or smuggled products.
  2. Increasing supply chain transparency. The state gains the ability to track the movement of goods from import to the end consumer (or disposal/export).
  3. Reducing “grey” imports. The RNPT makes it more difficult to use schemes where imported goods are brought in with an undervalued customs value or under the guise of other categories.
  4. Strengthening tax control. The system helps identify schemes for evading VAT and other taxes related to the turnover of traceable goods.
  5. Consumer protection. Increased market transparency reduces the risks of purchasing substandard or dangerous goods.
  6. Harmonization with international standards. The creation of a traceability system brings Russia closer to the best global practices in trade control and facilitates interaction with EAEU partners.
  7. Optimization of customs and tax administration. Automated data exchange between the Federal Customs Service (FCS) and the Federal Tax Service (FTS) reduces costs for businesses and government bodies and minimizes paper-based document flow.
  8. Statistical data collection and market analysis. The accumulated data makes it possible to analyze import volumes and domestic turnover for specific categories of goods, which is useful for developing economic policy.

Difference from a customs declaration for goods
A Customs Declaration (CD) / Cargo Customs Declaration (CCD) is a document that reflects the customs clearance procedure and contains data on an imported consignment. A customs declaration for goods is used for customs clearance and for confirming the legality of the import.
The RNPT is an internal number of a consignment of goods in the Russian traceability system. It is used to track goods in Russian warehouses and in companies’ reports. At the same time, one consignment may have both a CCD number and an RNPT, but they are used for different purposes and in different contexts.

Structure of the RNPT
The RNPT consists of four blocks of digits separated by a “/”:

  1. Code of the customs authority that registered the customs declaration (CD).
  2. Date of registration of the CD (in the format DD.MM.YY).
  3. Sequential number of the CD assigned by the customs authority.
  4. Sequential number of the goods item in the CD.
    Example: 10001000/010123/1234567/001

How to obtain an RNPT
The procedure depends on the country of origin of the goods:
• Goods from EAEU countries (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan): the importer submits an import notification (KND 1169008) to the FTS within 5 days after the goods are accepted for accounting. The FTS assigns the RNPT.
• Goods from non-EAEU countries: the importer generates the RNPT independently based on the customs declaration number and the consignment number. The FCS transmits the data to the FTS.
• Remaining stock of previously imported goods (acquired before 08.07.2021): a notification of remaining stock (KND) is submitted to the FTS, after which the tax inspectorate assigns the RNPT.

Obtaining an RNPT is required for such goods as:
• household appliances,
• certain goods for children,
• specialized machinery,
• computer peripheral devices.

Use of the RNPT and reporting
The RNPT is indicated in all documents accompanying transactions involving traceable goods:
• invoices;
• universal transfer documents (UTD);
• tax returns;
• reports on transactions with traceable goods (form KND 1169010).
Reporting deadlines:
• quarterly — transaction reports (no later than the 25th day of the month following the reporting quarter);
• VAT payers include the data in their VAT return;
• organizations under special tax regimes or exempt from VAT submit reports for each transaction involving traceable goods.
All documents are transmitted to the FTS via the electronic document management system (EDM).

What businesses should already take into account
Failure to comply with the RNPT rules entails administrative liability, including fines. For bona fide market participants, the system simplifies document flow and reduces the risks of dealing with unscrupulous counterparties.

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